Acne del viso: cos’è, cause, tipologie e come trattarla con efficacia

Facial acne: what it is, causes, types, and how to treat it effectively

Facial acne: what it is, causes, types, and how to treat it effectively

Facial acne is one of the most common and often bothersome skin conditions, affecting not only teenagers but also adults of all ages. It manifests itself with visible blemishes such as pimples, blackheads, whiteheads, and, in more severe cases, nodules or inflamed cysts. Acne is not just a cosmetic problem; it can profoundly affect self-esteem and quality of life.

What is acne and what causes it?

Acne is an inflammation of the hair follicles and sebaceous glands, which produce sebum. When these become clogged due to excessive sebum production, dead skin cells, and bacteria (such as Cutibacterium acnes ), the classic skin blemishes result.

The main causes of acne include:

  • Hormonal factors , especially during puberty, the menstrual cycle, pregnancy or in case of endocrine imbalances.

  • Genetic predisposition : If there is a family history of acne, it is more likely to occur.

  • Stress , which can alter hormonal balance and increase sebum production.

  • Diet high in refined sugars and dairy products.

  • Comedogenic cosmetics that clog pores.

  • Pollution and inadequate hygiene , which aggravate inflammation.

Types of acne

There are different forms of acne, which differ in severity and manifestations:

  • Comedonal acne : Characterized by blackheads (open comedones) and whiteheads (closed comedones).

  • Papulopustular acne : features inflamed pimples with or without pus.

  • Nodulocystic acne : severe form with deep nodules, cysts and risk of scarring.

  • Hormonal acne : linked to hormonal imbalances, often localized on the lower part of the face.

  • Late acne : it appears in adulthood, especially in women, even over 30 years of age.

How to prevent it

Proper prevention is essential to reduce the appearance of acne:

  • Cleanse your face morning and evening with a gentle but effective, non-aggressive cleanser.

  • Use non-comedogenic products that are suitable for your skin type.

  • Avoid touching or squeezing pimples, as this may worsen the inflammation.

  • Follow a balanced diet , reducing sugars and processed foods.

  • Manage stress with relaxing activities and regular sleep.

Cosmetic treatments

There are many effective cosmetic solutions:

  • Gentle cleansers with salicylic acid or gluconolactone.

  • Serums and creams with niacinamide, retinol, zinc, or azelaic acid to reduce inflammation and regulate sebum.

  • Purifying masks with green clay or activated charcoal.

  • Light moisturizers , essential even for oily or acne-prone skin.

Aesthetic medicine treatments

When acne is persistent or leaves scars, aesthetic medicine can offer valid support:

  • Chemical peels based on AHA or BHA acids to exfoliate, improve texture and reduce imperfections.

  • Fractional laser to treat acne scars.

  • Intense pulsed light (IPL) to reduce inflammation and bacteria.

  • Microneedling to stimulate skin regeneration.

  • In more complex cases, a dermatological consultation for specific oral or topical therapies (e.g. antibiotics, retinoids, contraceptives) may be useful.

In conclusion, acne is a common but manageable condition that requires a personalized, consistent, and targeted approach. Relying on effective cosmetics and, if necessary, aesthetic medicine can make the difference in restoring healthy, balanced, and radiant skin.

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